What type of aphasia is characterized by nonfluent, effortful, and telegraphic speech?

Broca's aphasia is characterized by nonfluent, effortful, and telegraphic speech. This type of aphasia is often a result of damage to Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe of the brain. Individuals with Broca's aphasia typically have difficulty with speech production, leading to sentences that are grammatically simplified and lacking in function words or grammatical markers. For example, a person may say "want cookie" instead of "I want a cookie." This telegraphic quality reflects the effort they exert in attempting to communicate, as they often understand language well but struggle to express themselves fluently.

In contrast, Wernicke's aphasia generally involves fluent but nonsensical speech where individuals may produce long, rambling sentences filled with irrelevant words. Global aphasia is characterized by severe impairments across both expressive and receptive language abilities, leading to significant challenges in communication. Anomic aphasia primarily presents with difficulty in retrieving specific words, especially nouns and verbs, while the speech is fluent overall. Each of these other aphasia types presents distinct characteristics, which helps to clarify why Broca's aphasia is identified by its specific traits of nonfluent and effortful speech.