What principle does Electromagnetic Articulography (fMRI) utilize to visualize articulatory movements?

Electromagnetic Articulography (EMA) utilizes the principle of magnetic field displacement to visualize articulatory movements. This technique involves tracking the movement of sensors placed on the articulators, such as the tongue and jaw, within a magnetic field. The sensors produce signals that are measured by the system, allowing for precise three-dimensional tracking of the movement of these articulators during speech production.

The process is based on the fact that the sensors respond to changes in the magnetic field, and these responses are then used to compute the positions and movements of the articulators. This method offers a non-invasive way to capture articulatory dynamics, providing valuable insights into how speech is produced and how various articulators interact during this process.